BCA Entrance Exam Notes
BcaGeneral Knowledge And It•Updated: 5/17/2026
🌐 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & IT
Marks: 10 | 22 Topics
Nepal • World • Technology • Science
1. First Person in Nepal
First Prime Minister: Bhimsen Thapa (1806-1837)
First President: Dr. Ram Baran Yadav (2008)
First Female President: Bidhya Devi Bhandari (2015)
First Prime Minister after Republic: Girija Prasad Koirala (2008)
First Everest Summiteer from Nepal: Tenzing Norgay Sherpa (1953, with Hillary)
First Female Supreme Court Justice: Sushila Karki
First Female Speaker of Parliament: Onsari Gharti Magar
First Olympic Medal (Nepal): Padam Bahadur Malla (Bronze, 1980, Shooting)
2. Geography of Nepal and World
Nepal: Landlocked between India and China (Tibet)
Area: 147,181 sq km | Capital: Kathmandu
7 Provinces, 77 Districts, 753 Local Units
Himalayan, Hilly, and Terai (3 regions)
Highest point: Mt. Everest (8,848.86 m)
Lowest point: Kechana Kalan, Jhapa (60 m)
World's largest continent: Asia | Smallest: Australia
Longest river: Nile (Africa) or Amazon (by volume) | Shortest: Roe River, USA
Deepest ocean: Pacific | Largest ocean: Pacific
3. Largest, Longest, Smallest & Deepest of Nepal
Largest district (area): Dolpa | Smallest: Bhaktapur
Longest river: Karnali River
Largest lake: Rara Lake | Deepest lake: Shey Phoksundo
Highest peak: Mt. Everest (8,848.86 m)
Longest highway: Mahendra Highway (East-West)
Largest city (population): Kathmandu
Highest airport: Syangboche (3,780 m) | Largest airport: Tribhuvan International, Kathmandu
Widest river: Koshi | Longest border: India (1,850 km)
4. World — Largest, Tallest, Smallest
Largest country (area): Russia | Smallest: Vatican City
Most populous: India | Least populous: Vatican City
Tallest building: Burj Khalifa, Dubai (828 m)
Longest river: Nile, Africa (6,650 km)
Largest ocean: Pacific | Smallest ocean: Arctic
Deepest lake: Baikal, Russia (1,642 m)
Highest mountain: Mt. Everest (8,848.86 m)
Largest desert: Sahara (hot) | Antarctica (cold/overall)
Longest wall: Great Wall of China | Largest dam: Three Gorges Dam, China
5. Nickname of Important Places (Sobriquets)
City of Joy: Kolkata, India | City of Love: Paris, France
City of Canals: Venice, Italy | City of Lights: Paris, France
Roof of the World: Tibet/Himalaya | Land of Rising Sun: Japan
Land of Thunderbolt: Bhutan | Land of White Elephant: Thailand
Emerald Isle: Ireland | Pearl of Africa: Uganda
City of Seven Hills: Rome | Silicon Valley: California, USA
Kathmandu: City of Temples | Pokhara: City of Lakes | Biratnagar: Industrial City of Nepal
6. World Economy
GDP measures economic output of a country (Gross Domestic Product)
Largest economies (GDP, 2024): 1. USA 2. China 3. Germany 4. Japan 5. India
Richest country per capita: Luxembourg / Switzerland / Singapore
IMF: International Monetary Fund — oversees global financial stability
World Bank: Provides loans and grants for development projects
WTO: World Trade Organization — regulates international trade
Developing countries: Low/middle income | Developed: High income with HDI
BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa — emerging economies
7. Top Crop Producers in the World
Rice: China (largest producer), India (2nd)
Wheat: China, India, Russia
Maize/Corn: USA, China, Brazil
Tea: China, India, Kenya
Coffee: Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia
Sugar: Brazil, India, China
Cotton: China, India, USA
In Nepal: Rice, Maize, Wheat are main crops (Paddy = largest area)
8. United Nations Organizations (UNO)
Founded: 24 October 1945 | Members: 193 countries
HQ: New York, USA | Official Languages: 6 (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish)
Main organs: General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, ICJ, ECOSOC
Secretary General (2024): António Guterres (Portugal)
UN Agencies: UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, FAO, ILO, UNHCR, WFP
UNESCO: Education & Culture | WHO: Health | UNICEF: Children | FAO: Food & Agriculture
Security Council: 5 permanent (USA, UK, France, Russia, China) + 10 rotating members
9. World Cup & Euro Cup Football
FIFA World Cup: Held every 4 years | First: 1930 (Uruguay)
Most wins: Brazil (5 times — 1958,1962,1970,1994,2002)
2022 World Cup: Winner — Argentina | Host — Qatar
2026 World Cup: Host — USA, Canada, Mexico
UEFA Euro Cup: European championship, every 4 years
Euro 2024: Winner — Spain | Host — Germany
Ballon d'Or (best player award): Lionel Messi (record 8 times)
Nepal's FIFA ranking: approximately 170s | SAFF Championship: 3 times won by Nepal
10. Cricket World Cup
ICC Cricket World Cup (ODI): First held 1975 in England
Most wins: Australia (6 times)
2023 ODI World Cup: Winner — Australia | Host — India
ICC T20 World Cup: First 2007
2024 T20 World Cup: Winner — India | Host — USA & West Indies
Nepal's first ODI status: 2018 | ICC member since 1996
Top scorer all time ODI: Sachin Tendulkar (India) — 18,426 runs
Rohit Sharma holds record for most centuries in a single World Cup
11. Olympics
Ancient Olympics: Greece, 776 BC | Modern Olympics: Athens, 1896
Summer Olympics: every 4 years | Winter Olympics: every 4 years (offset by 2)
Olympic Motto: Faster, Higher, Stronger — Together (Citius, Altius, Fortius)
Paris 2024 Summer Olympics: 32 sports, 206 nations
2028 Summer Olympics: Los Angeles, USA
Olympic symbol: 5 interlocking rings (Blue, Yellow, Black, Green, Red) = 5 continents
Nepal in Olympics since 1964 | Best performance: Padam Bahadur Malla (Bronze 1980, Shooting)
12. Prime Ministers of Nepal
First PM: Bhimsen Thapa (1806) | First after democracy: Matrika Prasad Koirala (1951)
First elected PM: BP Koirala (1959) | First after 2006 peace deal: GP Koirala
First PM of Federal Republic: KP Sharma Oli (2018–2021, 2024–)
First female DPM / senior minister: Various women leaders
Current PM (2024): KP Sharma Oli
BP Koirala: First democratically elected PM, also first in jail under king
Girija Prasad Koirala: PM 4 times — most times in Nepal's history
13. Miss Nepal Winners
Miss Nepal pageant started in 1994 | Winners represent Nepal in Miss World & Miss Universe
First Miss Nepal: Prisnha Pradhan (1994)
Notable: Malvika Subba, Nima Rumba, Sugarika KC
2023 Miss Nepal: Jane Dipika Garrett (competed Miss Universe 2023)
2024 Miss Nepal: Oshini Shrestha
Nepal's best Miss World result: Semi-finalist level | Miss Universe entries ongoing
14. Capital Cities
Australia: Canberra | Brazil: Brasília | Canada: Ottawa
China: Beijing | France: Paris | Germany: Berlin
India: New Delhi | Japan: Tokyo | Russia: Moscow
UK: London | USA: Washington D.C. | Nepal: Kathmandu
Pakistan: Islamabad | Bangladesh: Dhaka | Sri Lanka: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Bhutan: Thimphu | Myanmar: Naypyidaw | Thailand: Bangkok
UAE: Abu Dhabi | Saudi Arabia: Riyadh | South Africa: Pretoria
15. Scientific Inventions
Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell (1876)
Electricity (practical): Thomas Edison (light bulb, 1879)
Penicillin: Alexander Fleming (1928)
X-Ray: Wilhelm Röntgen (1895)
Theory of Relativity: Albert Einstein (1905/1915)
World Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee (1989)
DNA structure: Watson & Crick (1953)
Gravity: Isaac Newton (17th century)
Evolution: Charles Darwin (1859)
Vaccination: Edward Jenner (1796)
16. HTML Basics
HTML = HyperText Markup Language
Used to create web pages | File extension: .html
Tags: <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, <h1>-<h6>, <p>, <a>, <img>, <table>
<a href='url'>link</a> | <img src='image.jpg'>
HTML is NOT a programming language — it is a markup language
HTML5 is the latest version | Works with CSS (styling) and JavaScript (behaviour)
DOCTYPE: <!DOCTYPE html> declares the document as HTML5
17. Hardware and Software
Hardware: Physical components of a computer (can be touched)
Input: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Webcam
Output: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Projector
Storage: HDD, SSD, RAM, ROM, USB Drive, CD/DVD
Processing: CPU (brain of computer), GPU
Software: Programs and instructions (cannot be touched)
System Software: OS (Windows, Linux, macOS), BIOS
Application Software: MS Word, Chrome, VLC, Games
ROM: Read Only Memory — permanent, non-volatile
RAM: Random Access Memory — temporary, volatile (lost when power off)
18. Full Forms
CPU = Central Processing Unit | RAM = Random Access Memory
ROM = Read Only Memory | HDD = Hard Disk Drive
SSD = Solid State Drive | USB = Universal Serial Bus
HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol | HTTPS = HTTP Secure
URL = Uniform Resource Locator | WWW = World Wide Web
GUI = Graphical User Interface | OS = Operating System
PDF = Portable Document Format | JPEG = Joint Photographic Experts Group
HTML = HyperText Markup Language | SQL = Structured Query Language
AI = Artificial Intelligence | IoT = Internet of Things
19. Internet and Email
Internet: Global network connecting millions of computers worldwide
WWW (Web): System of interconnected documents accessed via browsers
IP Address: Unique address for each device on internet (e.g., 192.168.1.1)
Domain Name: Human-readable address (e.g., google.com)
DNS: Domain Name System — converts domain to IP address
Protocol: HTTP (web), FTP (file transfer), SMTP (email sending), POP3/IMAP (email receiving)
Email parts: username@domain.extension | e.g., student@gmail.com
SMTP: Sends emails | POP3: Downloads emails | IMAP: Syncs emails on server
ISP = Internet Service Provider | Bandwidth = speed/capacity of connection
20. Inventions and Inventors
Computer: Charles Babbage (concept), John Von Neumann (modern architecture)
Internet: Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn (TCP/IP, 1970s) | WWW: Tim Berners-Lee (1989)
Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell (1876) | Radio: Guglielmo Marconi (1895)
Television: John Logie Baird (1926) | Transistor: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain (1947)
Printing Press: Johannes Gutenberg (1440) | Aeroplane: Wright Brothers (1903)
Steam Engine: James Watt (1769) | Microscope: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
21. Programming Fundamentals
Algorithm: Step-by-step procedure to solve a problem
Programming Language types: Low-level (Machine, Assembly) | High-level (C, Python, Java)
Compiler: Converts entire high-level code to machine code at once
Interpreter: Converts code line by line (Python, JavaScript)
Variable: Named storage location | Data types: int, float, char, string, bool
Control flow: if-else, loops (for, while, do-while), functions
OOP: Object Oriented Programming — uses classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism
Popular languages: Python (easy, AI), Java (enterprise), C++ (speed), JavaScript (web)
22. Input and Output Devices
INPUT DEVICES (send data TO computer):
Keyboard, Mouse, Touchpad, Scanner, Microphone
Webcam, Joystick, Light Pen, Barcode Reader, Touchscreen
OUTPUT DEVICES (receive data FROM computer):
Monitor (VDU), Printer (Inkjet, Laser, Dot Matrix)
Speaker, Projector, Plotter, Headphones
BOTH (Input + Output): Touchscreen, Modem, Network Card, Fax Machine
Printer types: Inkjet (home use), Laser (office), 3D printer (manufacturing)
Monitor types: CRT (old), LCD, LED, OLED (modern)